General environment of Luxottica 陆逊梯卡的总体环境
The general environment of an organisation is perceived as an array of different external factors that have an impact on businesses and organisation. Importantly, these businesses and organisations have little or no control at all over the general environment. In reference to Robbins et al. (2016, p. 34), the general environment of an organisation “consists of the broad sociocultural, technological, economic, political/legal and global conditions in the society in which the organisation operates.” The sociocultural environment of an organisation is composed of the demographic and the cultural dimensions of community in which the organisation in question operates. For instance, Austin, Stevenson and Wei-Skillern (2012, p. 380) observes that among the key sociocultural factors that influence the external environment of organisation include the behaviours, attitudes, customs, preferences and tastes and the values, as well as the gender and household composition, average age, income and educational level of people in the society in which the organisation operates.
一个组织的总体环境被视为对企业和组织产生影响的一系列不同的外部因素。重要的是，这些企业和组织对整个环境几乎没有控制权。参考Robbins等人（2016年，第34页），组织的总体环境“包括组织运营所在社会的广泛社会文化、技术、经济、政治/法律和全球条件。”组织的社会文化环境由组织所在社区的人口统计学和文化维度组成。例如，Austin、Stevenson和Wei Skillern（2012年，第380页）指出，影响组织外部环境的关键社会文化因素包括行为、态度、习俗、偏好和品味以及价值观，以及性别和家庭构成、平均年龄，组织运营所在社会中人员的收入和教育水平。
The technological aspects of the general environment of an organisation mainly refers to the changing approach in the production processes in a particular industry and may include the use of machines and new equipment, changing quality standards, innovation and the emerging of new technologies (Mai & Phuong, p. 161). Note that technological changes play a critical role in improving efficiency and productivity levels of organisations. On the other hand, the economic dimensions of the general environment of an organisation refer to “the general economic health of the country in which the organisation operates” (Robbins et al. 2016, p. 35). Importantly, economic factors include elements such as the economic system adopted by a particular country, as well as factors such as interest rates, annual growth rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and taxation regime among other elements.
组织总体环境的技术方面主要指特定行业生产过程中不断变化的方法，可能包括机器和新设备的使用、不断变化的质量标准、创新和新技术的出现（Mai&Phuong，第161页）。请注意，技术变革在提高组织的效率和生产力水平方面发挥着关键作用。另一方面，组织总体环境的经济维度指的是“组织运营所在的总体经济健康状况”（Robbins等人，2016年，第35页）。重要的是，经济因素包括特定采用的经济制度等因素，以及利率、年增长率、国内生产总值（GDP）和税收制度等因素。
The political/legal dimension of an organisation’s general environment refers to the relationship between the business in question and the government, as well as government regulations (Griffin 2017, p. 72). Griffin (2017, p. 72) further points out that the legal environment defines what a business can/cannot do. In addition, this element also includes the political stability of a particular country. On the other hand, the global dimensions of the general environment include cross-border factors that affect the operations of businesses and organisations. According to Robbins et al. (2016, p. 36), these factors include elements such as trade agreements and treaties and factors such as the global financial crisis.
组织总体环境的政治/法律层面指的是相关业务与政府之间的关系以及政府法规（Griffin 2017，第72页）。Griffin（2017，第72页）进一步指出，法律环境决定了企业可以/不能做什么。此外，这一因素还包括一个特定的政治稳定。另一方面，总体环境的全球层面包括影响企业和组织运营的跨境因素。根据Robbins et al.（2016，第36页），这些因素包括贸易协定和条约等要素以及全球金融危机等因素。
One of the general environment factors that have had significant impact on Luxottica Group in 2017/18 is technological dimensions. Arguably, the growing role of digital technology in different sectors has in the recent past prompted this company to invest in new technologies to enhance the company’s ability to offer superior services to its customers and as such, stay ahead of its competitors (Luxottica 2018). For instance, the company recently adopted advanced digital eye exam technology, which helps the company to map out the eyes of its customers and easily determine the kind of glasses or contact lenses that such customers need (Luxottica 2018). In addition, the company has established an ecommerce website, thus enabling it to reach a wider market.
2017/18年度对陆逊梯卡集团产生重大影响的一般环境因素之一是技术层面。可以说，近年来，数字技术在不同行业中的作用越来越大，促使该公司投资新技术，以增强公司向客户提供优质服务的能力，从而保持领先于竞争对手的地位（Luxottica 2018）。例如，该公司最近采用了先进的数字验眼技术，这有助于该公司描绘出客户的眼睛，并轻松确定客户需要的眼镜或隐形眼镜的种类（Luxottica 2018）。此外，该公司还建立了一个电子商务网站，从而使其能够进入更广泛的市场。