Table 1: Worldwide Smartphone Sales, 4th Quarter, 2017 [Source: Gartner, 2018]
With regard to the actual sale of smartphones, Huawei managed to sell approximately 43,887,000 handsets in the fourth quarter of 2017 as compared to 40,803,700 handsets during a similar period in 2016 (Gartner, 2018; Figure 2 above). This affirms that this company’s smartphone market continues to rise across the globe. Apart from smartphones, there is a need to observe that Huawei is one of the leading suppliers and sellers of different telecommunication equipment across the globe. In reference to Lucas (2018), despite Huawei facing a lot of resistance from the United States government, this company eclipsed Ericsson as leading seller of an array of telecommunication equipment and as such, had a turnover of $96 billion in 2017. This was a significant increase considering the fact that this company managed to achieve a sale volume of approximately $78.6 billion in 2016 (Jingwen, 2017). Thus Huawei is a growing force to reckon with on the telecommunication global markets.
关于智能手机的实际销售，华为在2017年第四季度成功销售了约43887000部手机，而2016年同期为40803700部（Gartner，2018；上图2）。这证实了该公司的智能手机市场在全球范围内持续增长。除了智能手机之外，还需要注意的是，华为是全球不同电信设备的领先供应商和销售商之一。关于Lucas（2018），尽管华为面临来自美国政府的诸多阻力，但该公司超越爱立信，成为一系列电信设备的领先销售商，因此，2017年的营业额达到960亿美元。考虑到该公司在2016年实现了约786亿美元的销售额，这是一个显著的增长（Jingwen，2017）。因此，华为在全球电信市场上是一支日益壮大的力量。
Internal and External Factors Influencing Huawei’s Transformation 影响华为转型的内外部因素
There are different internal and external factors that continue to influence the transformation of Huawei as a company. These are analysed in the following sections using the PEST analysis model. To begin with, political factors are some of the issues that have significantly affected this company, thus motivating it to transform its business. In line with this, there is a need to observe that huge markets such as North America has in the recent past turned hostile towards Chinese companies and as a result, the Huawei has not been exempted from this hostility. In reference to Zhong, Mozur and Nicas (2018), since the coming to office of President Donald Trump in 2016, the United States government has increased tariffs against products coming from the Chinese market, thus limiting the accessibility of Chinese firms to North American markets. The increased hostility among from the United States towards Chinese technology companies such as Huawei was escalated further when the United States government introduced policies to limit the sale of products from this company as well as its Chinese counterparts on the United States market. These rapid political measures have forced Huawei to reconsider its investment in this North American market.
不同的内部和外部因素继续影响华为公司的转型。以下章节将使用PEST分析模型对其进行分析。首先，政治因素是对该公司产生重大影响的一些问题，从而促使其转变业务。与此相一致，有必要观察到，北美等巨大市场在最近的过去对中国公司怀有敌意，因此，华为并未免于这种敌意。关于Zhong、Mozur和Nicas（2018年），自2016年唐纳德·特朗普总统上任以来，美国政府提高了对来自中国市场的产品的关税，从而限制了中国企业进入北美市场。美国政府出台政策限制华为及其中国同行产品在美国市场的销售，这进一步加剧了美国消费者对华为等中国技术公司的敌意。这些快速的政治措施迫使华为重新考虑其在这个北美市场的投资。
Apart from political forces, research and studies reveal that economic factors have also has an impact in the transformation of Huawei (Bajpai, 2016). Over the last few years, the demand for high end smartphone has declined significant and in the last two years, this demand has been declining slowly but steadily. Therefore, rather than focus on high end market that is marred with strong competition particularly from Samsung and Apple, Huawei has over the last few years focused on budget smartphones, and targets both the Chinese local market as well as international markets, particularly in Africa, Asia and South America (Bajpai, 2016). This has enabled this company to achieve significant smartphone market share growth in the last few years. From the analysis of Bajpei (2016), the focus on emerging markets with affordable smartphones has been instrumental in transforming Huawei’s market share from 3 percent in 2011 to 10 percent by 2016, with the company recording 54.4 percent more sales of smartphones across the globe in its first quarter of 2016 as compared to its first quarter of 2015.
除了政治力量外，研究和研究表明，经济因素也对华为的转型产生了影响（Bajpai，2016）。在过去几年中，高端智能手机的需求大幅下降，在过去两年中，这一需求一直在缓慢但稳定地下降。因此，华为在过去几年中专注于廉价智能手机，并瞄准中国本土市场和国际市场，特别是非洲、亚洲和南美市场，而不是专注于受到强大竞争（特别是来自三星和苹果）破坏的高端市场（Bajpai，2016）。这使得该公司在过去几年中实现了智能手机市场份额的显著增长。根据Bajpei（2016）的分析，对新兴市场价格合理的智能手机的关注有助于将华为的市场份额从2011年的3%提高到2016年的10%，与2015年季度相比，该公司2016年季度全球智能手机销量增长54.4%。
Similarly, social factors continue to promote the transformation of this company. One of these social factors regards the perception of consumers from different markets towards personal privacy and security. In reference to Zhong, Mozur and Nicas (2018), as early as 2012, the United States was concerned that since Huawei as a company has some connections to the Chinese government, this government could install influence Huawei to install tools on their smartphones that could spy on Americans. Despite engaging in lobbying activities and spending over $1 million in campaigns to achieve a positive response from the American government, companies and consumers, Huawei is yet to get a breakthrough (Zhong and Mozur, 2018). Therefore, whereas the North American market presents a perfect opportunity for Huawei to grow its reach and enhance its market share across the globe, this company has been forced to turn its attention elsewhere due to the perception that its products cannot be trusted as far as privacy is concerned.
同样，社会因素继续推动着该公司的转型。其中一个社会因素涉及不同市场的消费者对个人隐私和安全的看法。关于Zhong、Mozur和Nicas（2018），早在2012年，美国就担心，由于华为作为一家公司与中国政府有一些联系，中国政府可能会在其智能手机上安装影响华为的工具，以监视美国人。尽管华为参与了游说活动，并花费了100多万美元开展宣传活动，以获得美国政府、公司和消费者的积极响应，但华为尚未取得突破（Zhong和Mozur，2018）。因此，尽管北美市场为华为提供了一个扩大其业务范围并提高其全球市场份额的机会，但该公司却被迫将注意力转向其他地方，因为它认为其产品在隐私方面不可信。