Changes in market structures: Why do markets shift away from monopoly market structures?
STATEMENT: This research will help me understand how economies across the globe change and adopt new market structures. This understanding will be instrumental in helping me gain skill in policymaking as far as market structures within an economy are concerned.
市场结构的变化：为什么市场会从垄断市场结构转移？
声明：这项研究将帮助我了解全球经济是如何变化和采用新的市场结构的。这种理解将有助于帮助我掌握有关经济体内部市场结构的决策技能。
What events helped start the movement or phenomenon? (McConnell, Brue and Flynn 2013)
什么事件有助于启动这一运动或现象？（麦康奈尔、布鲁和弗林，2013年）
The purpose of the work of McConnell, Brue and Flynn, which was published in 2014, is to examine different elements of economic key among them economic principles, problems and policies. Therefore, these researchers evaluate different elements on monopoly as a market structure that is evident in some markets and industries across the globe. The source, which was published in 2014 and targets students at their introductory stage to economics, adopts a viewpoint that researchers, scholars and policymakers often adopts a particular economic standpoint from a rational perspective with the aim of maximising profits. Thus, a government or an industry will either promote or undermine monopolistic market approach depending on whether it helps maximise profits or not. Therefore, this source is instrumental in helping provide understanding and insights why most markets are shifting away of monopoly market structures and embracing market structures that promote some element of competition. To achieve this, the source outlines and explains both the advantages and limits of monopoly as a market structure. With this in this, we learn from the source that despite the fact that in some cases monopoly enjoys economies of scale and as a result, can reduce its internal costs, this in most cases does not translate to lower prices to consumers. Furthermore, the source notes that as a market structure it undermines innovation and as such, promotes market inefficiency, a factor that has created an increased call for transition to market structures that promote competition.
麦康奈尔、布鲁和弗林的工作于2014年出版，其目的是研究经济关键的不同要素，其中包括经济原则、问题和政策。因此，这些研究人员评估了垄断作为一种市场结构的不同因素，这种市场结构在全球一些市场和行业中很明显。该资料来源于2014年出版，以经济学入门阶段的学生为对象。该资料来源采用了一种观点，即研究人员、学者和决策者通常从理性的角度采取特定的经济观点，以实现利润更大化。因此，一个政府或一个行业会促进或破坏垄断市场方法，这取决于它是否有助于利润更大化。因此，这一来源有助于理解和洞察为什么大多数市场正在摆脱垄断市场结构，并接受促进某些竞争因素的市场结构。为了实现这一点，资料来源概述并解释了垄断作为一种市场结构的优势和局限性。在这种情况下，我们从消息来源了解到，尽管在某些情况下，垄断享有规模经济，因此可以降低其内部成本，但在大多数情况下，这并不能转化为降低消费者的价格。此外，来文提交人指出，作为一种市场结构，它破坏了创新，从而促进了市场效率低下，这一因素促使人们越来越多地呼吁向促进竞争的市场结构过渡。