1. External environments of Vodafone 沃达丰的外部环境
One of the external environmental factors that have an impact on Vodafone is technology, which helps this company to develop innovative products and services, enhance its competitiveness (Analoui & Karami, 2003). Similarly, the political and legal environment plays a critical role in creating laws and regulations that define how Vodafone need to operate in New Zealand. Notably, Vodafone’s awareness of the political and legal factors helps it avoid fines and negative attention from regulatory bodies in New Zealand. Apart from this, another external environmental factors that have an impact on Vodafone is the economic environment, which affect the supply, demand and the buying power of consumers on the market, thus influencing their amount of spending on this company’s products (Analoui & Karami, 2003). Thus, gaining insights on the economic environment is critical in helping Vodafone management make informed decisions concerning the company. Furthermore, social/cultural factors, have an impact on Vodafone, and restrict and bind the activities of this company in New Zealand. Notably, these external factors are important for Vodafone since they influence how this company packages and markets its products to its target customers on the New Zealand market.
对沃达丰产生影响的外部环境因素之一是技术，这有助于该公司开发创新产品和服务，增强其竞争力（Analoui&Karami，2003）。同样，政治和法律环境在制定法律和法规以确定沃达丰在新西兰的运营方式方面发挥着关键作用。值得注意的是，沃达丰对政治和法律因素的认识有助于避免罚款和新西兰监管机构的负面关注。除此之外，对沃达丰产生影响的另一个外部环境因素是经济环境，它影响市场上消费者的供给、需求和购买力，从而影响他们在该公司产品上的支出（Analoui&Karami，2003）。因此，了解经济环境对于帮助沃达丰管理层做出有关公司的明智决策至关重要。此外，社会/文化因素对沃达丰有影响，并限制和约束该公司在新西兰的活动。值得注意的是，这些外部因素对沃达丰来说非常重要，因为它们影响了该公司如何在新西兰市场向目标客户包装和销售其产品。
Similarly, customers have a great impact on Vodafone. Notably, they not only influence the demand for this company’s products and services but also its revenue and profitability. With this in mind, Vodafone needs to ensure that its products on the market meet their needs to guarantee its success and future on the New Zealand market. Apart from customers, suppliers too play a vital role in ensuring that Vodafone has the much-needed capital, resources and raw materials. In this regard, suppliers ensure that the availability of Vodafone’s products on the market is not interrupted (Analoui & Karami, 2003). In addition to these, competitors are another external force that has an impact on the operations of Vodafone on the New Zealand market. Arguably, competitors not only compete with Vodafone for resources but also for customers. In this regard, competitors influence this company’s decisions with regard to aspects such as pricing of its products and services, research and development, as well as its marketing strategies. Apart from competitors, regulators too have an impact on Vodafone since they regulate, control and/or influence this company’s operations, practices and policies (Analoui & Karami, 2003). They are important to this company since they help it adhere to laws and regulations in the market as well as act in an ethical way.
同样，客户对沃达丰的影响也很大。值得注意的是，它们不仅影响该公司产品和服务的需求，还影响其收入和盈利能力。考虑到这一点，沃达丰需要确保其市场上的产品满足其需求，以确保其在新西兰市场的成功和未来。除了客户之外，供应商也在确保沃达丰拥有急需的资金、资源和原材料方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在这方面，供应商确保沃达丰产品在市场上的供应不会中断（Analoui&Karami，2003）。除此之外，竞争对手是影响沃达丰在新西兰市场运营的另一个外部力量。可以说，竞争对手不仅与沃达丰争夺资源，还争夺客户。在这方面，竞争对手影响公司在产品和服务定价、研发以及营销战略等方面的决策。除竞争对手外，监管机构也对沃达丰产生影响，因为他们监管、控制和/或影响该公司的运营、实践和政策（Analoui&Karami，2003）。他们对这家公司很重要，因为他们帮助公司遵守市场上的法律法规，并以道德的方式行事。