Julius Caesar is one of the most renowned Roman general and politician particular because of his success in the Gallic wars and his influence that led to the rise of the Roman Empire and the death of the Roman Republic. Despite his fame and his prowess as a military leader, the Roman Senators, some of whom were his friends, assassinated him for fear that with his growing power, Caesar would reach a point of overthrowing the Senate and establishing a tyranny (Cicero 2018a). This essay argues that despite the conspirators murdering Caesar, he had not harboured any intentions of establishing a tyranny and as such, they were wrong in their judgment and their actions that led to his assassination.
尤利乌斯·凯撒是罗马最的将军和政治家之一，特别是因为他在高卢战争中的成功以及他的影响，导致了罗马帝国的崛起和罗马共和国的灭亡。尽管凯撒作为一名军事声名显赫，但罗马参议员（其中一些是他的朋友）暗杀了他，因为他们担心随着凯撒权力的增长，凯撒会达到推翻元老院并建立暴政的地步（西塞罗2018a）。本文认为，尽管阴谋家谋杀了凯撒，但他并未怀有任何建立暴政的意图，因此，他们的判断和行动都是错误的，导致了凯撒被暗杀。
To begin with, despite the fact that Julius Caesar had engaged in numerous battles against both internal and external enemies, he had no intention of establishing himself as a king in the Roman Republic. Arguably, scholars observe that he was both revered and held in high honour among both the Romans and the foreign kingdoms and empires (Holland 2003, p.344). Whereas this is the case, he was aware that despite his fame and success, there are certain aspects of power and authority that the Roman people would not bestow upon him despite the fact that they honoured him as their leader. For example, when Mark Anthony offered Caesar the crown, and as such, an opportunity for him to become King Caesar, Caesar rejected it in an affirmative way that made it clear that he was not interested in the crown neither at that particular nor later in the future (Holland 2004, p.344). Arguably, he perceived that the Roman republic had been reduced to nothing and that it would not by any means be helpful for him to amass titles that would only cause him to be fears among his own people. Speaking from this point of view, Caesar had reached a point whereby his own success was sufficient power and authority in the Roman republic and he did not need to establish a tyranny in order to gain more power and authority as a roman leader. His disinterest in gaining more power in this republic is evident in the sense that when he was informed that his life was at risk since there was a plot to assassinate him, Caesar did not care enough to implement a plan to punish those behind the assassination plot. Instead, he dismissed his informers by telling them that it was better for him to die rather than to be feared (Cicero 2018b). This is contrary to what a person who wants to establish a tyranny would do. In this case, had he been seeking to establish a tyranny, he would have crashed anyone that dared threaten his life since such a threat was a threat to his tyranny.
首先，尽管尤利乌斯·凯撒（Julius Caesar）曾多次与国内外敌人作战，但他无意在罗马共和国确立自己的国王地位。可以说，学者们观察到，他在罗马人和外国王国和帝国中都受到尊敬和高度尊重（Holland 2003，第344页）。尽管如此，他意识到，尽管他声名显赫、事业有成，但尽管罗马人民尊崇他为，但仍有某些方面的权力和权威是罗马人民不会授予他的。例如，当马克·安东尼向凯撒提供王冠时，因此，他有机会成为凯撒国王，凯撒以肯定的方式拒绝了，这表明他对王冠不感兴趣，无论是在当时还是以后（Holland 2004，第344页）。可以说，他意识到罗马共和国已经沦为一无所有，他积累的头衔只会让自己的人民感到恐惧，这对他毫无帮助。从这个角度讲，凯撒已经达到了这样一个地步：他自己的成功在罗马共和国是足够的权力和权威，他不需要建立暴政来获得作为罗马的更多权力和权威。他对在这个共和国获得更多权力的兴趣显而易见，因为当他被告知有暗杀他的阴谋，他的生命处于危险之中时，凯撒并不关心实施一项惩罚暗杀阴谋幕后操纵者的计划。相反，他解雇了告密者，告诉他们与其害怕，不如死了好（西塞罗2018b）。这与一个想要建立暴政的人会做的相反。在这种情况下，如果他一直在寻求建立一个暴政，他会击溃任何敢于威胁他生命的人，因为这种威胁是对他的暴政的威胁。